Importance of Employability Skill Provision †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Importance of Employability Skill Provision. Answer: Presentation: The paper improves the lucidity of the perusers with respect to the models identified with the competency aptitudes. The focal point of the paper is on the components, which vigorously influences the competency required for the advancement of employability abilities. The paper likewise features the manners by which the biased abilities, aptitude and information on the workers can be improved (Jackson 2014). Assortment of information from 1008 business students approves the way that representatives in the current working environment neglect to execute the dispensed obligations and duties as per the desires for the business. For examining the outcomes, the procedure of numerous relapse has been utilized. The activity of testing the competency models can be considered as an assessment with respect to the strategy, which would demonstrate valuable as far as setting up the business students for completing the assigned obligations and duties in a proficient and successful way. Taking into account this point of view, testing the competency aptitudes of the representatives is an astute methodology of the chiefs as far as surveying the workers capacity to change inside the gave work environment condition (Jackson 2014). This assessment and appraisal is significant regarding evaluating its result on the partners. This estimation is pivotal for making recognizable advances towards commencement of the business exercises. Diving profound into the viewpoint, this evaluation invalidates the determined reality that these days the business students neglect to open execution as indicated by the mechanical necessities. The article surveys the provisos in the employability abilities uncovered by the business graduates. The article releases the exchange of employability abilities through the suggestion of graduate employability model. Experimental investigation is utilized for estimating the results of the abilities uncovered by the business graduates. One of the principle projections of the article is the vain endeavors of the business college work force as far as moving the essential aptitudes to the business graduates by thinking about the results of the tests led (Jackson 2013). Models applied in the article have been tried for surveying their impact on the working environment condition and the staff attempting to demonstrate their employability abilities. Hypothetical point of view increases the value of the procedure of enrollment and choice utilized in the work environment. Testing the use of the hypotheses and models can be considered as the endeavor of the work force as far as surveying the adequacy, propriety and possibility of the uncovered conduct. This appraisal legitimizes their job as far as adding to the workforce. Cognizance towards sorting out this self-evaluation is the desire of the faculty towards the use of levelheaded deduction into the execution of the assigned obligations and duties. Thus lays the suitability of the expression, where are we turning out badly. The question mark can be connected with the self-cross examination regarding the effective execution of the business exercises particularly enrolling the legitimate up-and-comers (Jackson 2013). This article improves the lucidity of the perusers with respect to the impression of the understudies about the significance of the employability abilities. Constraints of the undergrad programs gain noticeable quality in the article. The article rouses the business graduates to take affirmation from purchase in for gaining admittance to the gave aptitudes. Understudy recognitions are analyzed, which causes the scientist to derive the general significance of ability and segment subtleties (Jackson 2013). As an issue of particular, numerical estimations have been utilized and evaluated for the simplicity of the businesspersons. Alongside this, the article maintains the impression of the partners, which approves the unique situation. Survey it from other point of view, cooperation has enough adaptability as far as compensating for the gaps in the employability abilities required by the workers for the execution of the apportioned obligations and duties. In contrast with the selected representatives, there has been less number of undergrad programs. This angle mirrors the challenges of the business graduates as far as demonstrating the picked up employability aptitudes. Guaranteeing the business graduates to take help from purchase in can be considered as an endeavor towards compensating for the holes and crevices (Jackson 2013). Thought of the segment foundation is the initial step of this activity. This is on the grounds that knowing the foundation from which the business graduates come, helps in giving significant materials and preparing to the business graduates. The article mirrors the viewpoint of the understudies as far as the readiness of the business graduates in regards to the presentation to the work environment condition. One of the most significant realities of the article is the discussion of the business investigates with respect to the ability of the business graduates to uncover legitimate employability aptitudes. Inside this, a large portion of the instructive foundations with secondary school educational plan are incorporated. The article turns into the mouthpiece of the business graduates regarding detailing the way that they are not prepared for infiltrating into the work environment (Tymon 2013). The article attempts an explorative methodology for mirroring the restricted arrangement between the understudies and the partners. Thought of the viewpoint of the understudies is the connection of valuation to their endeavors with respect to the upgrade of expert turn of events. Consideration of secondary schools in this setting is well-suited regarding uncovering the business graduates to the genuine work environment situation. Alongside this, thought of the points of view of government, managers and the faculty of the higher instructive establishments appears to be useful with respect to their commitment towards adding significance to the work of the business graduates (Tymon 2013). Connection of hypothetical setting toward this path is flawless as far as breathing life into the particular dynamism of the enrollment and choice procedure embraced in the working environment. The article investigates the significance of employability aptitudes in the UK work showcase. This is done through contextual investigation references of the up-and-comers seeking after alumni courses in business and the executives examines. Reason offering by the strategy creators is the principle feature of the article. The parts of this justification are obliging the necessities and prerequisites of the profoundly talented works (Wilton 2011). One of the fundamental attractions of the article is the upgradation of the measures and nature of the scholarly and expert open doors for the competitors having a place with the lower layers of society. The talk of the article conjoins the rationalistic speculation in an improved way. In the current serious climate of the market, age of appropriate employability aptitudes is essential for the organizations and associations as far as making progress. Scrutinizing the significance and importance of the employability aptitudes appends an inquisitive boundary to the enlistment and determination process attempted by the organizations and associations (Wilton 2011). This cross examination can be associated with the predefined speculation, both the positive and the negative ones. Assortment of significant information from the competitors seeking after graduation courses approves the positive speculation. This approval lessens the power of the negative theory. The union of the positive and the negative theory brings about the supposition that conventionalism is an impediment towards the accomplishment of achievement, independent of the degree to which the business graduates endeavor to improve their employability aptitudes. Countering this, practicing inventive developmen t empowers the business graduates to think of something, which modifies the destiny of the organization and association, keeping the customary perspectives flawless. The speculation of the past sentence invalidates the impediments of the limit of UK (Wilton 2011). References and book index Jackson, Denise. Business graduate employabilitywhere are we going wrong?.Higher Education Research Development32, no. 5 (2013): 776-790. Jackson, Denise. Understudy view of the significance of employability expertise arrangement in business undergrad programs.Journal of Education for Business88, no. 5 (2013): 271-279. Jackson, Denise. Testing a model of undergrad fitness in employability abilities and its suggestions for stakeholders.Journal of Education and Work27, no. 2 (2014): 220-242. Myers, Michael D.Qualitative examination in business and the executives. Savvy, 2013. Sekaran, Uma, and Roger Bougie.Research strategies for business: An ability building approach. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Soul, Helen, and Tatyana Warrick. Characterizing 21st century status for all understudies: What we know and how to get there.Psychology of Esthetics, Creativity, and the Arts9, no. 2 (2015): 178. Tymon, Alex. The understudy point of view on employability.Studies in higher education38, no. 6 (2013): 841-856. Wilton, Nick. Do employability aptitudes truly matter in the UK graduate work advertise? The instance of business and the board graduates.Work, work and society25, no. 1 (2011): 85-100.

Internet Critique Essay Example for Free

Web Critique Essay Web is a mind blowing and colossal wellspring of data and, consequently, data looked on Internet must be assessed for believability to successfully serve the assortment of clients. This paper gives an evaluate of the site â€Å"Healthline†, as per the rules of Thede and Sewell (2010). Healthline is one of the well known site among Internet clients, that offers clients to scan for wellbeing subject and clinical exhort on the web (http://www.healthline.com). The clients can discover diverse treatment alternatives accessible for a conclusion just as data about the medications. It additionally permits the clients to look for a pro relying upon their neighborhood. The measures outlined by Thede and Sewell (2010) is significant in managing clients to separate among solid and untrustworthy data. By utilizing this models clients become learned about assessing the believability of a site. The inquiries presented in the agenda brief basic reasoning procedure, and leads us to locate the hidden goal of the site. The measures help clients to check the legitimacy of data by finding if the data is peer-evaluated or confirmed by qualified supervisor. Just on the off chance that the discovered wellbeing data were from a substantial insightful source, at that point it would be trusted. On the off chance that the user’s expectation is to approve the data, at that point this models ought to be applied to some other site paying little mind to the hidden purpose. For example, business website’s sole purpose is to deal their items. The Internet clients currently can look on the web for different sites that offer friend audits on that item. Source Healthline runs by an organization Healthline Networks Inc. Initially established in 1999 yet re-propelled in 2005 with current name. Nitty gritty depiction is given about the company’s witticism, governing body and supervisory group in organization information area. A quest for a particular sickness brings about a decision to go to various sites or pick the articles that are recorded. In the event that the publication group does the article, at that point no writer name is indicated, yet it’s surveyed by a certified MD with or without their accreditations determined. Be that as it may, if the article is from a reference book or another distributer, there is just writer name is given with their association and article’s distributed date yet no author’s qualifications. The last survey date of an article is appeared at the base of the page. The distributer name is appeared also with the copyright data. In the event that creator name is shown, there is no con nection to contact the creator. The connection is accessible if the article is authorized from another distributer. There is no connection accessible to contact the article analyst. Financing Healthline is seen as a business site, producing its income for the most part from the promotion. It’s a free site for clients. The landing page is alluring and shows the notice at top and base of the page. There is likewise video commercial with no sound, bringing about less interruption. The commercials are unmistakably named and don’t ruin the client experience, subsequently making the route simpler. Legitimacy and Quality The landing page of Healthline shows the got to date on the page and copyright data at the base. The last investigated date is shown at the base of every individual article. New articles are appeared at the landing page with the name of the publication colleague on top. Yet, in the event that client is searching for something explicit, at that point a portion of the articles looked are very nearly two years of age. Client needs to completely scan for forward-thinking data. There are seemed, by all accounts, to be no substance and composing mistakes. Data has all the earmarks of being non-predisposition. The language utilized is conceivable to a general client and does not have the language terms. In the event that client explores to the organization information, the motivation behind the site is plainly expressed. A portion of the articles are composed by the publication group and checked on by a MD with distributed date however no certifications, while different articles are sourced from an outsider distributer with certain connections working. The site asserts that articles that are finished by Healthline publication groups are evaluated by the leading body of affirmed doctors and clinical editors. Itemized data about Healthline clinical warning board and their publication group is additionally accessible on the site, including the name of every part with brief synopsis of their certifications. Healthline recognizes authorizing the clinical and wellbeing content from outsiders for distribution, with away from of their name and a legitimate connection. A portion of their outsider distributer reference accomplice incorporate A.D.A.M., GALE Cengage Learning, Gold Standard, NBC Universal, StayWell, Harvard Health Publications, Reed Elsevier and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Protection Healthline protection arrangement is all around sketched out in the organization data area. They unmistakably state what data they are gathering from clients and with whom they share this data with. They gave a nitty gritty diagram of what kind of unknown data they are gathering. Unknown data remembers the sort of inquiries accomplished for the site by a client, yet doesn’t incorporate any close to home data, for example, name email-address or telephone number. Client can decide not to pass-on this mysterious data by incapacitating the treats. Healthline vows not to share any close to home data of enlisted clients to the outsiders. In contrast with the perceived security strategy proclamation of HON (Health on The Net Foundation, 2011) site, the individual data gathered is likewise not imparted to any outsider. In any case, HON likewise accumulates â€Å"non-personal† data utilizing their web-server. HON’s security explanation is short and comes up short on the insights concerning the non-individual data. Then again, Healthline organization information area not just explains in detail to the clients what are the â€Å"Cookies† and â€Å"Web Beacons†, yet in addition indicates the security arrangement for the youngsters under thirteen. Outline To sum up, the rules by Thede and Sewell assists client with building up a sense to assess the sources and believability of data, in light of author’s capabilities and certifications, wellspring of distribution, website’s reason, and website’s security arrangement. The entirety of the models are seen as of most significance in helping client to assess a site for believability, particularly if client is looking through data about their wellbeing. The healthline doesn’t meet a portion of those standards. The measure of source isn't met on account of the absence of consistency in giving author’s name and qualifications. Healthline needs to build up a consistency in showing author’s name, qualifications, association, connection to contact the writer, article’s last checked on date, and connection to contact the article commentator. The legitimacy and quality basis is likewise somewhat met. The outsider publisher’s legitimacy is certain for some situation where connections are working. Healthline needs to determine certifications of the article commentators just as the name of their publication team’s part who composed the article. Additionally the wellbeing data should be cutting-edge. Healthline meets the rules of financing and security arrangement. It unmistakably communicates its motivation, and recognizes producing incomes structure notice. Its security arrangement gives client a definite view about the unknown and individual data and how it is utilized, picking up user’s trust.

Blog Archive Convey a Confident Tone and Avoid Fawning in Your MBA Application Essays

Blog Archive Convey a Confident Tone and Avoid Fawning in Your MBA Application Essays In your MBA application essays, you must ensure that the tone you use allows the admissions committee to readily recognize your certainty and self-confidence. Being clear and direct about who you are and how you envision your future is vital. Consider the following example statements: Weak:  â€œI now have adequate work experience and hope to pursue an MBA.” Strong:  â€œThrough my work experience, I have gained both breadth and depth, providing me with a solid, practical foundation for pursuing my MBA.” â€"â€" Weak:  â€œI now want to pursue an MBA.” Strong:  â€œI am certain that now is the ideal time for me to pursue my MBA.” â€"â€" Weak:  â€œI have good quantitative skills and will succeed academically.” Strong:  â€œI have already mastered the quantitative skills necessary to thrive in my MBA studies.” â€"â€" Weak:  â€œWith my MBA, I hope to establish myself as a leader.” Strong:  â€œI am certain that with my MBA, I will propel myself to the next levels of leadership.” The key in all these examples is the use of language that clearly projects self-confidence. Instead of “hope,” use “will”; rather than saying you have “good” skills, show “mastery.” Although you should avoid sounding arrogant, by being assertive and direct, you will inspire confidence in your reader and ensure that you make a positive impression. Your target MBA programs certainly want to know that you identify with them. However, this does not need to be a running theme throughout your essays or your entire application. Unless a business school explicitly requests this kind of informationâ€"for example, by asking what you are most passionate about and how that passion will positively affect the schoolâ€"we generally recommend that candidates only discuss their connection with their target MBA program via their personal statements  (“What are your short- and long-term goals, and how will [our school] allow you to achieve them?”). For example, in response to a school’s question about leadership or putting knowledge into action, you would not need to discuss how the school will help you further develop your leadership skills or how you will continue to be an active learner when you are a member of the Class of 2020, even though these topics reflect core values that each school embraces. Although we cannot assert this as an absolute, we find that in most cases, such statements come across as insincere or fawningâ€"the very opposite of the effect you want. Share ThisTweet Essays

Introduction to Convergent Plate Boundaries

Steppenwolf The Disintegration of Harry Haller as it...

Steppenwolf : The Disintegration of Harry Haller as it Relates to Music Among the many themes present in Hermann Hesses 1927 novel Steppenwolf, two stand out as basic threads around which the story is constructed: the isolated nature of the artist and the duality of existence (Benà ©t 471). Harry Haller, the protagonist of the novel, is portrayed as an outsider to society and to modern life; he must struggle with his own outmoded ideals and bestiality to embrace humanity and reality. His Zerrissenheit, or disintegration (literally translated, the state of being torn apart [Benà ©t 1142]), culminates in the Magic Theater at the finish of the novel. Here, he finds himself a changed man, with a clearer†¦show more content†¦He appears to experience the most meaningful of emotions and a sense of spiritual fulfillment. For a man who is consistently depressed and withdrawn, this sudden enlightenment is especially significant. Indeed, as Haller relates the experience himself, I sped through heaven and saw God at work. I suffered holy pains. I dropped all my defenses and was afraid of nothing in the world. I accepted all things and to all things I gave up my heart. It did not last very long, a quarter of an hour perhaps; but it returned to me in a dream at night, and since through all the barren days, I caught a glimpse of it now and then. (30) Hallers experience gives him access to spirituality and peace. He relies on this feeling of freedom to aid him in times of darkest depression, when he feels the man and the beast within him scrapping together to such a degree that his only other possible release is his razor. Increasingly, Haller finds his only solace in classical music and poetry-anything of the contemporary sort he automatically discards. His very survival depends upon Mozart, Goethe and Novalis: such is Hallers mindset at the beginning of his Zerrissenheit. Even as he retreats so fully into Mozart, Goethe, Novalis and the old masters, Haller displays some tendency towards change. Without this slight crack in his stern

Investigating Altered States of Consciousness Essay

Investigating Altered States of Consciousness â€Å"The question of what consciousness is, is one that has intrigued psychologists.† (Hayes, N Orrell, H, 2000, page 116.) ‘The term altered states of consciousness refers to significant change in what is considered a normal waking awareness’ (Crisp, T, 2003, Altered states of consciousness, http://www.homepages.tesco.net/~waves/asoc.htm) An altered state of consciousness takes many forms such sleep, dreams, hypnosis, coma and the effects of psychoactive drugs. Learning about these altered states of consciousness helps us learn why we have these different altered states and how and why we benefit from it. Altered states of awareness can be caused†¦show more content†¦Sleep is an important altered state of consciousness without we lose out on many things according to Oswald, he quotes â€Å"the purpose of sleep is to restore depleted energy reserves, eliminate waste products from the muscles, repair cells and recover lost physical abilities. (Mcliveen, R Gross, R, 1996, Biopsychology, Hodder Stoughton, page 101.) There has been many studies where people have deprived themselves of sleep, Randy gardener conducted a famous study, he deprived himself of 11 days and12 minutes hours of sleep. Gardner did experience lack of coordination, hallucination, blurred vision, muscle tremors, slurred speech, memory lapses and concentration difficulties as a result of lack of sleep. Lack of sleep therefore is not a light matter although Gardner did not suffer from any long term effects from conducting this study. The relevance of sleep to the human body cannot be over emphasised. From this study we can learn that sleep is important and with out it we could not properly function in our day to day lives. Sleep deprivation studies has taught as these important factors. Rechtschaffert supports that sleep is important he conducted a study using rats, placed them on a disc that was in water, EEG monitors were attached to the head to monitor brain activity, when the rat fall asleep disc rotated therefore the rat had to move to avoidShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding The Complexity Of Consciousness2247 Words   |  9 Pagesfully understand the complexity of consciousness, it must be defined. However there is no universal accepted definition due to the concept is looked at from many different positions and in different terms. In this essay which will explore altered states affecting consciousness, the definition which will be used is ‘One is aware of surroundings, and is able to make decisions and the ability to apply different experiences to different situations’. When consciousness is not present, a person is thenRead More The Consequences of Epilepsy Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pages The Consequences of Epilepsy Epilepsy: Any of various neurological disorders characterized by sudden recurring attacks of motor, sensory, or psychic malfunction with or without loss of consciousness or convulsive seizures (1). Is epilepsy a purely physical phenomenon? The question is a complicated one. Put simply, the answer should be yes. The psychological trauma sometimes caused by the seizures, however, makes the answer more complex, along with a more troubling trend. In yearsRead MoreInvestigating the Extent to Which Historians Can Be Objective1137 Words   |  5 PagesInvestigating the Extent to Which Historians Can Be Objective ‘You have reckoned that history ought to judge the past and to instruct the contemporary world as to the future. The present attempt does not yield to that high office. It will merely tell you how it really was’ - Leopold Von Ranke ‘There are no facts, only interpretations’ – Nietzsche Here we encounter two diametrically opposed views concerning objectivity. It can be argued that â€Å"true† objectivity cannotRead MoreReform Judaism As Liberal And Progressive Judaism1837 Words   |  8 Pagesto be the founder of the Reform movement. While he was investigating Jewish history he discovered that many of the old practices were changed in favor of new ones. Geiger also felt that the more changes that are made to keep up with the times will make Judaism attractive to all Jews. Olmec Religion was the small traditional religion that I chose. The location that the Olmec Religion was practiced in the Gulf of Mexico which is now the states of Tabasco and Veracruz, but their influence spread toRead MoreAudrie And Daisy : A Documentary Analysis1469 Words   |  6 Pagesand law enforcement officials give important details about the aftermath of the events, and introduce viewers to possibly the biggest villain of all, Sherriff Darren White of Maryville, Missouri. Throughout the documentary White appears smug when he states that â€Å"as County Sheriff, â€Å"the buck stops here† (White), and when asked about the crimes committed by Maryville’s football star, he rebuts with â€Å"was there a crime?† (Darren White). As the film moves through the twists and turns of the cases, the settingsRead MoreThe Documentary : Audrie Daisy, Husband And Wife Director Team Bonnie Cohen Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pagesand law enforcement officials give important details about the aftermath of the events, and introduce viewers to possibly the biggest villain of all, Sherriff Darren White of Maryville, Missouri. Throughout the documentary White appears smug when he states that â€Å"as County Sheriff, â€Å"the buck stops here† (Darren White), and when asked about the crimes committed by Maryville’s football star, he rebuts with â€Å"was there a crime?† (Darren White). As the film moves through the twists and turns of the casesRead MoreAn Analysis Of Audrie Daisy, Husband And Wife Director Team Bonnie Cohen Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pagesand law enforcement officials give important details about the aftermath of the events, and introduce viewers to possibly the biggest villain of all, Sherriff Darren White of Maryville, Missouri. Throughout the documentary White appears smug when he states that â€Å"as County Sheriff, â€Å"the buck stops here.†(White) and when asked about the crimes committed by Maryville’s football star, he rebuts with â€Å"was there a crime?† (White). Montages, long and subjective shots, close-ups, and personal sketches highlightRead MoreN Fowleri Consists Of An Amoeba2180 Words   |  9 Pagesand the nucleolus is less pronounced. The N fowleri may change to the flagellated (motile, non-feeding) state due to a lack of nutrients in the environment. The cystic form serves as protection, and the organism may change to this state in response to negative environmental factors like pH changes, toxin exposure, anaerobic conditions, and desiccation. The trophozoite form is the feeding state, and would occur in favorable, nutrient-rich conditions. Trophozoites are the only infective stage of NRead MoreThe Use Of Recreational Drugs And Its Effects On Mental Health2286 Words   |  10 PagesThe use of recreational drugs has been common among humans ever since their psychoactive effects and ability to alter consciousness was discovered. A downside to this is that according to research, substance use has been linked to the development and expression of latent mental illness (a mental disorder that a person may carry the genes for but not express). My main research focus is the question of how drug use, especially hallucinogenic drugs, mediates and effects mental health, and whether itRead MoreThe Stand Against Elder Abuse1897 Words   |  8 Pagessometimes hidden signs, and how to properly take action against abuse. â€Æ' Imagine you have just received report for your patient Ms. Smith, who is 80 years old, and admitted for UTI and Altered mental status. You enter the room to find Ms. Smith crying. When you ask her what is wrong, she covers her face, and states â€Å"I sorry Sam it was an accident. Please don’t be mad, please don’t hurt me, I’m sorry I couldn’t get up in time†. Upon assessment you find, Ms. Smith was incontinent, and will need to be

Duty Of Care And Ethical Considerations †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Duty Of Care And Ethical Considerations. Answer: Laboratory examination of patients is encountered by a number of value problems. Earlier on, the function of laboratory testing was focused on identification of diseases. Today, lab testing has raised ethical conflicts. First, conflicts may be caused by diverging views on the benefits and risks of examination and the rights and obligations of all the parties involved including professionals, patients, relatives, health caregivers, and the society. The other occasion is the dilemma in values about inner convictions of life. Patients and the deceased are bounded by ethical issues of values. Examination of patients is an in-time process where several different professionals participate. The examination process is divided into three phases namely the pre-analytic, the analytic and the post-analytic phases to effectively describe the problematic value situations. The storage of results is also an ethical issue (5). The following sub-steps raise ethical issues. The pre-analytic phase The analytic phase The post-analytic phase - Organizing examination. - Making the patient aware. - Ordering an examination and preparation of a patient. - Collection of the specimen. - Preparation of the sample. - Storage of sample. - Analyzing results. - Verification of results. - Reporting results. - Interpretation. - Making the patient or family or both the meaning of the results. - Applying results to patient care. Ethical situations in laboratory testing mostly concern invasive examinations. The most recorded areas of value issue in the pathology lab were HIV, genetic testing, prenatal and autopsy examinations. Autopsies and genetic testing are the most problematic types of examinations. The problems of genetic examination point to confidentiality, autonomy protection, and justice. Confidentiality problem stems from mistakes in predictive values and diagnostic errors while the autonomy rises from counseling. A situation of ethics which is connected to justice entails legal justification of genomic screening. Ethical problems concerning autopsies relate to autonomy in terms of decision-making and informed consent (4). The organizers and performers of genetic tests have the role of informing the risks and benefits of the test to the individual client, the society, and future generations. Genome projects have aroused ethical challenges, especially in commercial health insurance. Prognosis and calculation of risks pose more problems when dealing with patients who are symptom-free. HIV tests conducted on healthcare professionals and groups of people like prisoners are highly exposed to loss of autonomy and privacy. An ethical problem looms in justifying HIV testing on employees and costs of arranging the program to curb the spread of tuberculosis (2). Prenatal HIV tests are controversial at the legal, ethical, clinical, scientific, theological, economic, cultural and social points of view. The parties involved have opinions which must be considered. Parties in the autopsy are the coroner, the relatives, the deceased, researchers, legal authorities, medical students and clinicians (3). The ethical factors to be considered in autopsy are the cost of autopsy, need for autopsy, legal requirements, benefit to research, people with brain death, integrity of the deceased, the wishes of the relatives, value of respecting the dead, cultural views, religious views, application of the ethical principles, beneficence and organ transfer. Patients who have recently died have den used to train doctors about emergency skills and this practice is being criticized by ethical, legal and religious organizations. Clear guidelines should state whether medical practitioners should practice minimally invasive trials on recently dead bodies (1). Genetic testing requires a consent which is completely informed about the risks and benefits. A counselor should be prepared psychologically to handle any emotional distress which may be a consequence of the testing. An example of a patient with Alzheimers genetic disease requires counseling to overcome the fear of stigmatization and prejudice. In case of third partys consent, the patient should be approved as such. An example of ethical situations that RMIT lab experience is the possession of tissues of sick and even dead people got from public hospitals. The information of the respective dead and sick people is always blocked so that employees and students do not recognize the identity. In summing up, there is no face-to-face contact for laboratory physicians and the patients. Technicians are required to act in complete interests of the sick person. Knowledge about the patient is not completely available and this will be overcome by collaboration between the patient, the physician and the clinician. Definitive decisions about events which are life-altering are acceptable at the act of faith of the patient. References Gilbert AL, Balio C, Bauer NS. Making the Legal and Ethical Case for Universal Screening for Postpartum Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Pediatric Primary Care. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care. 2017 Sep 12. Amirian P, Lang T, van Loggerenberg F, Thomas A, Peeling R. Big Data Analytics for Extracting Disease Surveillance Information: An Untapped Opportunity. In Big Data in Healthcare 2017 (pp. 59-83). Springer, Cham. Colby LA, Quenee LE, Zitzow LA. Considerations for infectious disease research studies using animals. Comparative Medicine. 2017 Jun 1;67(3):222-31. Siedner MJ, Bwana MB, Moosa MY, Paul M, Pillay S, McCluskey S, Aturinda I, Ard K, Muyindike W, Moodley P, Brijkumar J. The REVAMP trial to evaluate HIV resistance testing in sub-Saharan Africa: a case study in clinical trial design in resource-limited settings to optimize effectiveness and cost-effectiveness estimates. HIV Clinical Trials. 2017 Jul 11:1-7. Habibi H, Nekavand M, Akrami SM. Prevention of laboratory errors in the genetic study and related ethical issues: a case report. Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine. 2017 Jan 15;9(5):63-70. Hussain S, Moiz B, Aqeel S, Zaidi N. Issues in reproductive health in females having inherited bleeding disorders in Pakistan. Haemophilia. 2017 Jul 1;23(4).

The soldier Essay Example For Students

The soldier Essay Travis was a quite a bit older than the other soldiers who enlisted for service during World War 11. He was in his early thirties, but most of the soldiers were in their late teens or early twenties. Travis had been working since he was a boy, so he felt that he knew something about how the world worked. He enlisted because he not only felt it was his duty to do so, but he also was looking for adventure. He was a tall, friendly man, with a booming voice and a good sense of humor. Soon, the younger soldiers were coming to him for advice or just to talk about how homesick they were. When his platoon needed a leader, Travis was chosen. We will write a custom essay on The soldier specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It wasnt long before Traviss unit was shipped overseas. They eventually wound up on an island in the Pacific, far different from any place that the soldiers had ever seen. Snakes, monkeys, and bugs were everywhere, and the heat was almost unbearable. Many of the men quickly became sick, but their biggest problem was the enemy fire that constantly surround them. Travis had been looking for adventure, but he had to admit that this was not the kind of adventure he had hoped for. Still, he found himself doing things he never thought he would or could do : bandaging wounds, planning attack strategies, thinking up camouflage ideas, and even writing letters home for the wounded soldiers. He knew that the men in his platoon trusted him and relied on him, and he was determined not to let them down. Travis served nearly four years in the army, all during World War 11. When he finally returned home, he was welcomed with great excitement and joy by his family and friends. Travis was glad to be home, of course, but he knew he was not the same person who set out adventure years before. He had seen horrible sights and watched good men die. Still Travis was grateful for the friends he had made, the times he had been able to help his men, and the opportunity to defend his country. Travis had left home to see the world, but instead, his trip to the other side of the globe forced home to look inside himself and make new discoveries about his strength, character, and abilities.

On International Environmental Law †Book Summary

On International Environmental Law – Book Summary Free Online Research Papers On International Environmental Law Book Summary International Environmental Law in a Nutshell, which is written by Lakshman D. Guruswamy and Brent R. Hendricks, introduces the relevant concepts of international environmental law(IEL), contemplates the socio- scientific evidence confronting lawmakers and addresses the resulting corpus of substantive law. Expert authors cover international environmental problems such as population, biodiversity, global climate change, ozone depletion, Antarctica, toxic and hazardous substances, land and vessel- based pollution, transboundary water pollution, desertification, and nuclear damage. Generally, this book can be divided into three parts: Part one, which consists of Chapter one, two and three, discusses the basic concepts of the international environmental law, such as the definition of the international environmental law, the sources and forms of the international environmental law and so on. Part two, including fourteen chapters, from Chapter Four to Chapter Seventeen, emphasizes the specific international environmental problems, such as population, biodiversity, global climate change and etc. Part Three, the last part, Chapter Eighteen, draws the blueprint of the future of the international environmental law. The first part of this book (Chapter one, two and three) illustrates the basic and important concepts of the international environmental law, which can help students, especially the ones who have not studied the IEL at all, clearly understand what the IEL is, what makes the IEL different from the other international laws, what constitutes the IEL and how the IEL become effective. Although the definition of the IEL can be diverse, this book gives the most understandable one to the students. In the first page of this book, it is written that â€Å"International Environmental Law (IEL) bears a name that reflects the content. At its substantive core, IEL endeavors to control pollution and the depletion of natural resources within a framework of sustainable development†¦ IEL is formally a branch of nation states for nation states, to govern problems that arise between nation states. † Then, the authors distinguish the IEL from traditional international law in two aspects. â€Å"First, its creation and vigorous, if uneven growth, owe much to national environmental laws and policies. Nation states frequently have entered into landmark international agreements and practices, driven largely by the momentum of law, regulation, and policies applicable to their own environmental problems, and not necessarily because of the gravity of international problems. Second, the law- making in IEL has been shaped primarily by bio- physical not geo- political forces, and this communal foundation has at times sheltered it from the disfiguring political dissension found in other areas of international law. These two factors have inevitably, albeit asymmetrically, infused the objectives of national environmental regulatory laws, and the conceptual frameworks of environmental sciences, into the corpus of IEL. † To wholly study IEL, it is crucial for students to grasp the substantive corpus of the IEL. And in authors’ view, there are several types of the sources of the IEL: treaties, customary law, general principles of law and judicial decisions. 1,Treaties â€Å"are written agreements governed by international law, entered into between two or more states, creating or restating legal rights and duties.† Treaties are the principle source of IEL, owing to the nature of environmental problems. â€Å"These problems range over a wide spectrum of future contingencies. Moreover, they demand continuous observation and monitoring, as well as quick legal action and implementation in response to ongoing and relatively rapid changes in scientific knowledge and conclusions†¦ None of the four sources of IEL can fulfill all of these requirements†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And treaties, vague and nebulous, need to be interpreted so that they can be implemented. Usually, in the opinion of the authors , the International Court of Justice (ICJ) is perhaps the best known international courts, but the ICJ depends on the acquiescence of the parties for its jurisdiction. Also, the authors introduce the conflict between the treaties and other international laws. 2, Customary law â€Å"refers largely to unwritten law inferred from the conduct of states (practice) undertaken in the belief that they were bound to do so by law.† And customary law mainly comes from the forms, such as the national legislation, diplomatic notes and correspondence and statements and votes by governments in international organizations and forums of varying kinds and etc. One of the weaknesses of custom is that they are all unwritten and uncodified, so one way to remedy this shortcoming is to codify or re-state customary law, thus making it known and accessible. 3, General principles of law. It is of the great importance when some articles of a statute â€Å"need to be interpreted in accordance with its ordinary or plain meaning, in context, and in light of its object and purpose.† 4, Judicial decisions. â€Å"The statute of the ICJ restricts the role of judicial decisions to that of a ‘subsidiary means for the determination of riles of law’ however, judicial decisions still play an important role in any system of customary law by restating, codifying, and clarifying the often uncertain and usually unwritten customary law.† The authors also list the other sources of law, such as the writings of the most highly qualified publicists or scholars, resolutions, declarations, action plans and so on. In the first part of this book, the authors introduce the landmark developments of IEL from 1972 to the presentthe historical continuum, which helps us better understand the strengths and weaknesses of the subject. It includes five historical conferences that have influences on the development of the IEL; they are The 1972 Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment. The 1982 United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea. The World Commission on Environment and Development. The 1992 United Nation Conference on Environment and Development. The 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development. What weights most in these three chapters is the implementation. It is said that â€Å"most international treaties require implementation within individual nation states. Implementation of treaty obligations, however, is hampered by the fact that the vertical command and control power structure governing domestic politics within nations is conspicuously absent within the international legal order. In international society, power or authority rests on a horizontal base made up of coequal sovereign states, and can be built into a pyramidal structure only if these nations consent to and join in such an endeavor. While piecemeal building upon the base has resulted in the substantive corpus of IEL noted in Chapter One, there is no overarching pyramid of authority consisting of law- making, law- interpreting, law- implementing, or law- enforcing institutions.† So, the authors start discussing the many international organizations that facilitate the implementation of IEL, the complia nce mechanism, the diplomatic avenues and judicial remedies. It is in the view of the authors that despite the impressive growth of IEL and its expanding domain, there is still no single institution or organization that serves environmental protection in the way that the World Trade Organization (WTO) advances, interprets, implements, and enforces the concept of free trade. The institutions and organizations enlisted to advance IEL are fractured, fragmented, and divided along functional, regional, bureaucratic, and geo- political lines. In the global area, there are institutions and organizations, such as the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), the International Labor Organization (ILO), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the UN Development Program (UNDP), the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and so on. In th e regional area, there are many institutions also become a part of role in developing IEL, and European Union (EU) is the most advanced form of international organization in the world and is evolving into a continent- wide political confederation. Still, many treaties have set up institutional arrangements (or rudimentary international organizations) for their implementation. For example, the sporadic conference of the parties under the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is one way to implement the treaties. And, the Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are playing an increasingly important role in IEL, such as the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Although there are so many institutions and organizations in the World, they do not enjoy or exercise the power and authority of national legislative, executive, and judicial bodies that supervise and enforce the implementation of laws within nation states. Then, it is important that the substantive rules of international law should first possess an internal force or dynamic that makes sense to the parties and invokes an attitude of compliance rather than non-compliance. There are two ways that lead to compliance, first, treaty negotiators try to formulate and endow substantive rules with some compliance-generating character. Second, conventions or treaties also create institutions and techniques that induce compliance. The authors give some examples to illustrate how the two ways, especially latter way, form the compliance mechanism. Many environmental treaties require that parties explore diplomatic and other means of settling their differences before resorting to judicial or quasi-judicial dispute settlement. Such as the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), the Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects and so on. Therefore, the diplomatic avenues become a way to settle the international environmental problems. Apart from regulatory regimes supervised by or through agencies established by treaty, judicial enforcement provides another avenue for securing compliance with the law. Judicial remedies may be used to obtain specific items of compliance and can act as deterrents by bringing embarrassment, perhaps ignominy, to bear on wrongdoing states. More commonly judicial or quasi-judicial remedies within IEL are invoked through inter-state litigation, and are based on the grievance remedial principles of â€Å"state responsibility† or international trot law. And then, the authors explain in detail on the judicial avenue to resort the problems caused by the traditional ways. 1, Jurisdiction, jurisdiction can prove to be a difficult obstacle. In the Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict case, the ICJ defined the concept to include legal capacity or status, and held that it lacked jurisdiction because the WHO was unable to demonstrate legal capacity. However, d espite these defects, judicial remedies can prove to be an effective way of implementation the law if they are administered by a tribunal having compulsory and binding jurisdiction like the UNCLOS tribunals, and if the tribunals assume a more activist role in interpreting and applying the substantive law. 2, Accountability for transboundary environmental harms, in this part, the authors use the accountability for transboundary harms in 1955 to illustrate the specific way of how the ILC to deal with the codification of the law, including the application of SR, international liability for injurious consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international law, civil liability, conclusion, the effectiveness of international environmental law, the relationship between IEL and domestic law,. In the second part of this book, the authors detailedly enumerate the problems that facing people, such as population, biodiversity, global climate change, ozone depletion, Antarctica, toxic and hazardous substances, land and vessel- based pollution, transboundary water pollution, desertification, and nuclear damage. And in every single chapter, the authors usually illustrate in a way as the nature of the problem, and then the legal response. One, Population. Needless to say, the growth of global population has dramatically increased to an extent that the earth we live can no longer afford. On the basis of the statistics, â€Å"it took until approximately 1804 for the global population to reach 1 billion, this figure doubled to 2 billion by 1927- a span of only 123 years. The global population reached 3 billion in 1960 (33years); 4 billion in 1974 (14year); and 5 billion in 1987 (13year). It then took a mere 12 years for the global population to reach the current level of approximately 6 billion people in 1999.† And without doubt, the numbers will continue rising in the future, so what directly induces from the unchecked population growth is that the resources on the earth will not meet the need of everyone. Meantime, the environmental impacts of population growth are ubiquitous and universal. For instance, population growth has a direct impact on agricultural resources. The demand for food created from population growth has necess itated an increase in required cropland area at the expense of natural ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands. In order to introduce the remedial objectives, the authors first illustrate the theories on population growth. They are the Malthusian apocalypse and neo-Malthusian, economic transition and redistributional theories of population growth. Although the two theories are poles apart, they both seriously believe that the growth of population must be checked. So, the authors relate on the legal response on the growth of population. The approach fashioned and proclaimed at the â€Å"Earth Summit† the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), and the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), hopes to integrate economic development, social development and environmental protection without compromising the needs of present and future generations. In the 1994 United Nations International Conference on Population and Development, the result is a comprehensive plan that incorporates ideas from many theories. Though there is controversy in this Program of Action, this is one big step of humans to give methods on balancing the growth of population and other problems. Two, Biodiversity Biodiversity sustains life on earth by maintaining atmospheric quality, regulating local climates, absorbing pollutants, protecting watersheds, and generating and maintaining soils. Despite the fact that biodiversity plays an important role in the humans life, it is suffering from loss, and mainly based on the â€Å"use-value† of species and ecosystems, within economic, ecological, and aesthetic frameworks, also on ethical values, which are different than use-values and arises from a belief in the intrinsic worth of a species. The primary cause of the loss of biodiversity is habitat destruction resulting from the expansion of human population and activities. And other direct causes include invasion by introduced species, over-exploitation of biological resources, industrial agriculture and forestry, pollution, and potentially, global climate change. In order to meet people’s needs for biological resources while ensuring that those resources last indefinitely, it is crucial for all the humans to conserve the species biodiversity, and it must be based on global frameworks of equity and justices as well as sustainable development. And the legal response to the conservation includes the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, and International Treaties Related to Biological Diversity, Regional Treaties and Agreements Related to Biodiversity. The CBD is a framework treaty which possesses only the power to seek appropriate forms of cooperation with the executive bodies of other biodiversity conventions. And in order to fully understand this treaty, the authors bring us to the two overriding principles in this framework convention: (1) Equity and Resources Transfers, (2) Sustainable Development (Conservation and Sustainable Use). After the authors pay more attention to detailedly illustrate the two principles and thus we can see how important these two principles are in the framework treaty. The Cartagena Protocol on Biodiversity is a supplementary agreement to the CBD, which acted upon the Art 19(3) of CBD: â€Å"The parties shall consider the need for and modalities of a proto col setting out appropriate procedures, including, in particular, advance informed agreement, in the field of the safe transfer, handling and use of any living modified organism resulting from biotechnology that may have adverse effect on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.† And thus the protocol aims at the detailed aspect on the biotechnology which can make a contribution towards achieving the objectives of the Convention if developed and used with adequate safety measures for the environment and human health. The International Treaties Related to Biological Diversity includes: The 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES), The 1972 UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention), The 1971 Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention), The 1979 Convention on the Conservation of Mig ratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Conservation). The Regional Treaties and Agreements Related to Biodiversity. They include a cluster of treaties protecting the Antarctic and so on. Three, Global Climate Change When referring to the global climate, one will mention the Greenhouse gases (GHGs), and the past several years had witnessed the on and on discharging of carbon dioxide, and significant quantities of other GHGs such as methane and nitrous oxide, all of these have altered the natural distribution of atmospheric gases that blanket the earth. According to the statistics, the atmospheric CO levels will increase to between 540 ppm to 970 ppm by2100, which is respectively 90% to 250% higher than the concentration in the late 1700s. Today’s CO concentration of approximately 370 ppm is about 95 ppm greater than the pre-industrial concentration. This could correspond to a mean global temperature increase from 1.4? to 5.8?,an increase range that is two to ten times larger than the central value of observed warming over the 20th century. And scientists predict that if the trend continues in the future, the global climate will be changed greatly that cannot be reversed, and will do harm t o not only the humans themselves, but also the plants and animals living on the earth, maybe one day what happened in the science fiction will come true. Then a cluster of remedies objectives have been set forth in the United Nations Framework Conventions on Climate Changes (UNFCCC), and the ultimate objective is to achieve â€Å"†¦stabilization of greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would present dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner. † The international legal responses to the threat of climate change or global warming are not only found in the UNFCCC, but also in the Tokyo protocol to the UNFCCC. On the basis of the UNFCCC and the Tokyo protocol, the authors discussed the substantive obligations, institutions and implementation, outstanding issues, and implications. 1, Substantive obligations. It is important not only for the developed countries but also the less-developed countries to cooperate together to solve the climate problems.2, Institutions and implementation. The authors specifically introduce how to implement the convention; they are conference of the parties, secretariat, subsidiary body for scientific and technological advice, subsidiary body for implementation, financial mechanism. 3, Outstanding issues. In this part, the authors quote the famous issues concerning the implementation, such as joint implementation, technology transfer and financing, adaptation, and costs?benefits. 4, Implications. The a uthors talked about the small problems involving the implementation, and give some suggestions. Four, Ozone Depletion Ozone is a shield to protect living organisms and humans on earth from exposing to a range of adverse consequences. However, research data has largely concluded that human activities are causing the ozone depletion. In order to restore the ozone shield and prevent the future enlarging of the ozone hole, it is necessary to prohibit the use of damaging chemicals. And legal responses to this include the Vienna Ozone Convention, the Montreal Protocol, adjustments and amendments, transfers, trade restrictions, technological and financial assistance, and the impact of the regime. There are abundant ideas in this part and this will help students to better understand the problem of the ozone depletion. Five, Antarctica Antarctica is the coldest, windiest, iciest, driest and highest major landmass on earth. The fifth largest continent in the world, Antarctica comprises around 9% of the earth’s continental crust and is approximately twice the size of Australia. However, only a tiny fraction of the continent itself is visible, as 98% of its 5.4 million square miles is buried beneath an immense sheet of ice. Antarctica means to humans not only the scientific and archeological importance but also the economic and political consequence. Unfortunately, over the last half of the 20th century, the Antarctic Peninsula region has grown warmer. Given that the 90% of the world’s ice located in Antarctica, were this ice to melt the sea level would rise some 200feet- dramatically impacting human and other forms of life across the entire planet. Considering the threat to the Antarctica, in 1959 the 12 claimant and nonclaimant states met to resolve the problem and eventually sighing a compromise treaty- the Antarctica Treaty. Within the 1959 Antarctica Treaty area, the 1972 Convention for the Conservation of Antarctica Seals limits harvesting of three species of seals. And 1980 Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic marine living resources aims to conserve all living resources found south of the Antarctic Convergence. And 1988 Antarctic Mineral Resources Convention. 1991 Antarctic Environment Protocol chose to create an environmental protocol to the 1959 treaty. Six, Toxic and Hazardous Substances Toxic and hazardous substances can cause significant damage in small, even minuscule, amounts. They are among the pollutants responsible for transboundary air and water pollution, as well as land-based pollution and dumping. About 95% of all hazardous pollutants are created by industries that generate four primary groups of toxic and hazardous chemicals. They are toxic metals, petrochemicals, pesticides and radioactive materials. Toxics often impact ecological food chains by bio-accumulating in the tissues of aquatic organisms and this does harm to the humans and living organisms deeply. Legal responses to the toxic and hazardous substances include toxic and hazardous substances in general, before 1998, no international treaty existed regarding the distribution and use of hazardous substances across all media. In the absence of such a treaty, the FAO and UNEP filled this gap with two sets of voluntary guidelines. After there is prior informed consent, such as 2002 FAO International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides, 1987 UNEP London Guidelines for the Exchange of information on Chemicals in International Trade, Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade. In light of hazardous wastes, the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, the Convention on the Ban of Imports Into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes Within Africa, the International Convention on Li ability and Compensation for damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea. Seven, Land-based pollution At least 80% of all marine pollution comes from sources that are located on land, and it has loomed more problematic to the extent that urban growth has departed from principles of sustainable development, and environmental protection has been ignored or minimized by economic growth. In general, there are eight groups of pollutants that are deposited into the ocean from land-based sources: chemical nutrients, sewage and bacterial agents, oil, organic chemicals, metals, sediments and litter, radioactive substances, heat. Though land-based sources contribute the highest percentage of marine pollution, the international commitment to controlling these wastes remains understandably low. Only the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Montreal Guidelines for the Protection of the Marine Environment Against Pollution from Land-based Sources, the Global Program of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities and the Washington Declaration on Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities. Eight, Vessel-based Pollution The transportation of crude oil or refined products results in the release of approximately 136,000 tons of petroleum per year into the oceans of the world. And this will cause harm not only to the sea itself but also the humans and the living organisms. International law has responded to the harms, the 1973/1978 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation, International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas In Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties, Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Cooperation for Pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances, 2000. Nine, Dumping Many types of wastes that are difficult to dispose of on land have traditionally been dumped directly into oceans and rivers without regulation. This includes many hazardous materials, such as sewage, industrial effluents, sludges, radioactive wastes and polluted dredged spoils. Thus, to reduce the harm, international legal responses include United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1996 Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter. Ten, Conservation of Marine Living Resources The Oceans cover 75% of the earth’s surface and human depend on the oceans for their living, however, without protection, the oceans will not be capable for the future of the next generation, so, it is the time to protect the oceans. The legal responses to the protection of the Oceans include United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, UNEP regional seas programme, International Convention for the Regulation of Whalting. Eleven, Transboundary Air Pollution Human demands lead to a number of physical processes and activities that convert raw materials, energy, and labor into desired finished products. Diverse pollutants are introduced into the environment during various stages of these production and consumption cycles. In this part, the authors mention the famous case- 1941Trail Smelter Arbitration. This case has since become the basis for the general prohibition against transboundary environment harm that was definitely restated in the 1992 Rio Declaration: States have , in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental and developmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. Also, Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution is the treaty that regulates the transboundary pollution. Twelve, Transboundary Water Pollution Waters cover the face of the earth. And we have seen that the environmental health of the oceans is critical to humanity. However, the healthy waters have become polluted because of human activities. Meantime, pollution introduces into rivers, watercourses, and coastal waters of one state can affect another through transport, diffusion or dispersion. International and Regional ways include Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, 1992 ECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and Lakes. And also the authors mention some famous cases on the transboundary water pollution, which become the rules for the future solving problems. Thirteen, Desertification Desertification refers to the process of climate change and human impacts that create desert environments in â€Å"drylands†- the arid, semi-arid, or dry sub-humid regions of the world. Human activities, driven by population growth, energy needs, and the lack of land have led to over-cultivation- the farming of land beyond its sustainable fertility. Desertification raises questions common to other international environmental problems, and must be addressed within the conceptual framework of sustainable development. In 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and development adopted Agenda 21, a program for sustainable development, which recommended preventive measures for threatened or slightly degraded drylands and rehabilitative measures for moderately or severely degraded drylands. Fourteen, Nuclear Damage The military use of nuclear bombs can lead to unparalleled suffering, especially the radiation, radiation can cause destructive chemical changes, and when harmful radiation strikes human tissue, it strips electrons or neutrons of the molecules and atoms and thereby kills or damages human cells. And it has the power to destroy all civilization and the entire ecosystems of the planet. So, fear of such destruction has led the international community to seek way of containing and eliminating the nuclear threat from both military and civilian sources. To ban all together the nuclear weapons and find other ways to substitute for the civilian nuclear uses are the best method to control the nuclear damage, however, it is unreal to realize this, so the authors discuss the international way concerning the protection from the nuclear damage. The last part of this book mainly talks on the future of the international environmental law, although the international community has done much concerning the protection of our environment, the road ahead still in the twists and turns. International Environmental Law in a Nutshell is a very useful book that not only for the students, who study the IEL, but also the handbook to the teachers and students who have well known the IEL. 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Marketing influences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing influences - Essay Example Color of the commodity is based on an individual’s preference of some specific range of colors. I at one time bought a television set which was manufactured by Samsung and it was painted black. I was attracted to this product due to the fact that I have had an inner belief that products from Samsung are the best in terms of electronic products. Price determines the purchasing power of an individual. Prices of commodities tends to vary depending on their qualities, design, level of competition in the market and quantity of the goods bought (Hoyer, et.al, 2013). If the quality is regarded to be low, the price will tend to be low, stiff competition in the market will guarantee low prices and low number of items to be bought will tend to increase the price and the reverse is true in each of the case. I was influenced by the low price of a glass table that did not have high quality. It did not last for a long time as after a period of two months, it broke down. I then learnt that cheap items are indeed very expensive in the long run. Promotion is a marketing strategy that is used to create awareness of a particular product so that it can gain popularity among them. Products that are under promotion have low prices so as to enable many consumers to have a first-hand experience on the products (Lamb, et.al, 2012). This is aimed at encouraging them to consider using the product in the future period thus developing strong marketing base for the product. I recently bought a mobile phone that was on promotion. The price was low and the quality was good. However, I discovered that it was restricted to only one mobile phone service provider that was doing the promotion. That marks one of the limitations of items bought while they are on promotion. The place in which a commodity is located will influence its marketing abilities. In places that are remote and not easily accessible, commodities will be sold at a high price due to the high cost incurred in

Presidency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Presidency - Essay Example He has the supreme power of veto, even though the Congress can override it. A man endowed with such important powers needs to be a balanced individual, capable of taking on the spot, quick and appropriate decisions. But his actions need to stand the test of close scrutiny by the Supreme Court and he has to take enough care that he does not violate the provisions of the US Constitution. Though he has an array of legal advisers, the President must possess that sixth sense to take right decisions at the right time. The real test with a President is in dealing with the foreign countries. No doubt, he is working under a system of delegated powers but President is the Chief Diplomat, and he has to take important and big decisions that have far reaching political significance and effect on the American economy. State of war and depression in the economy are the worst thing that can happen to a country. President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) faced such a challenging situation. He negoti ated both the crises successfully by keeping a close rapport with the people and about 80% of the people listened to his speeches. As such communicating effectively with the people is a quality that will make the President great. Another important issue for the President is to deal with his advisors. He has the power of appointment, and some of those who disagree with his viewpoints later, may be his appointees. A good President needs to create such a congenial atmosphere that those who disagree with him should feel free to air their opinions. What is important is expression of independent opinions irrespective of the consequences. They are serving the President, ipso facto, the Nation, even when they disagree with his estimate of a particular issue. The President has great projects to implement as per his election promises, and he needs great and fearless individuals to implement them. They may not agree with the President always; The President may not agree with their viewpoints s ometimes. But the ship of national and international politics commandeered by the President has to sail through the turbulent waters. When you get ready to vote for a Presidential candidate, what is most important? I would go by the merit of the Presidential candidate, though I have affiliations with a particular party that I would not like to disclose. To me the President is a supreme personality and interests of the Nation are more important than party interests. Moreover, I am not voting for a candidate in the local body elections. I will cut through the party-liners, if necessary and vote for the best candidate, without fear or favor. Now, the question is how to select who is the best? Here I make use of the knowledge that I possess on the subject of leadership qualities. First and foremost is the character of the individual as character traits have an overriding influence on other qualities. Grit and determination follow. Often, peace-time problems are more important than the p roblems of the Nation at war. Political opponents turn vociferous during peace-time and the expectations of the people also are more. The economic issues like crime, drugs, healthcare, education and immigration take the front seat to challenge the President. As such I will vote for the President

A Several Specific Voltaire’s Quotes Essay Example for Free

A Several Specific Voltaire’s Quotes Essay There are several specific quotes which depicts how Voltaire tried to champion or fight for the goals, beliefs and vision of a society that is enlightened. Some of these quotes include: â€Å"As long as people believe in absurdities they will continue to commit atrocities.† This is a very important quote by Voltaire in the society because it acts as an illustration of how a society would be if people cont9onue to hold on to absurdities. The things that people in the society need to believe in should be things that bring progress and not things that continue to generate controversies as well as misleading the society. Through this quote, Voltaire was trying to warn the society from believing in absurdities which would result in atrocities in the society. This quote encourages people to believe in positivity and avoid things that will only destroy the society. Therefore, through this quote, Voltaire is seen to be championing for goals, beliefs and visions of the society in terms of living in harmony and avoiding atrocities. The other quote is, â€Å"I do not agree with what you say, but I’ll defend to death your right to say it.† This is another important quote through which Voltaire is seen to champion for the beliefs, goals and vision of the society. Every individual has the right of speech and freedom of expression hence no one should be prevented from airing their views or opinions as long as they do not infringe on the rights of others. It is not necessary for everyone to agree with each other on ideologies. Therefore, by supporting the rights of other people, a society will be able achieve its goals, visions and maintain positive beliefs. From the quotes by Voltaire, there are many of them that I find quite fascinating and intriguing. However, the one that I consider to be my favorite quote is the one that says, â€Å"Every man is guilty of all the good he did not do.† This is one quote that touches on our behavior as human beings in this world hence the reason I chose it as m y favorite quote. The wit presented by Voltaire through this quote is admirable. In life, we as human beings we have the opportunities where we can be able to do good but in many occasions, people become so selfish that they cannot do anything good. If everyone would make use of the opportunities they have to â€Å"do good in the society†, there would be no vices in the society, crimes would be eradicated and many problems that people face such as poverty would be eliminated. This quote depicts what I yearn for in this world, to see everyone working for the good of all despite the differences that exist. I personally believe that if people â€Å"do good† the world would be a better place but we all fall short of this virtue of always doing good. Instead we have embraced selfishness and only pursue things that are of personal benefit and interest. Therefore, I completely agree that we are all guilty for not having done anything good despite having the opportunities. After reading all the quotes by Voltaire, I must admit that the quotes are quite good and interesting as they touch on the lives of human beings and provide guidance on how to live this life. However, there are quotes which I failed to understand why Voltaire would say such things. I was left wondering of Voltaire was only putting forward his own thoughts and never did enough research. One of the quotes that I consider to be my least favorite and disagreeable is the one that says, â€Å"History is only the register of crimes and misfortunes.† I find this quote to be quite misleading especially to the modern generation. Does it mean that there are no good things that happened in history? Is everything recorded as history that bad? This is disagreeable considering that there are a lot of good things which happened in history and have been clearly documented. The thinking of Voltaire in this quote is narrowed and disoriented with no facts. Inventions took place in the past and these have helped shape the modern world. Therefore, I totally disagree with Voltaire on this quote as it is misleading and does not contao9n any facts about historical happenings. After reading the numerous quotes by Voltaire, I would say that the views presented by Voltaire are mixed views and a combination of several things. The quotes provided by Voltaire are quite helpful in the society because they advise, warn, encourage and provide guidance on how to live as a society. Voltaire portrays the society as one that needs guidance of which he provides through several quotes such as â€Å"I do not agree with what you say, but I’ll defend to death your right to say it.† On the other hand, some of the quotes show pessimism such as the quote on history as a registry when he says, â€Å"History is only the register of crimes and misfortunes.† Voltaire also sounds helpful when he says, â€Å"Let us work without theorizing, tis the only way to make life endurable.† Therefore, it can be observed that it is a mixture of things in the life of human beings that are presented in the quotes by Voltaire. References Morley, John. Voltaire. London: Chapman and Hall, 1872. Print. Source document

Gun Control in America Today Essay -- Guns Weapons Violence Crime Essa

During the Vietnam War, more than twice as many Americans were killed with firearms in the U.S. than died in combat. Today, firearms are used in approximately 65% of the 11,000 homicides a year. Suicides are carried out via a gun 57% of the 16,600 a year (â€Å"GunCite† 49). These statistics pose the question, â€Å"Would there be that many fewer deaths if guns were banned altogether? Or would these deaths occur just the same but by other means?† Studies on both a local and a national level have shown that the majority of murders are committed by those with previous criminal records. The â€Å"crimes of passion† are not very common; rather, most murders are planned and therefore would occur no matter what weapon is to be used (â€Å"GunCite† 49). However, controlling the guns in America is still an issue that needs to be addressed. Banning guns completely is not what should be done, however; if the government controls guns by other means, then crime w ill be reduced yet many Americans will still have them to use in recreation and in self defense. The Second Amendment of the Bill of Right in the United States Constitution says â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.â€Å" This statement has been interpreted two very different ways over the years. The Americans that favor strict gun control have come to the conclusion that this amendment guarantees the right of the states to own firearms. They believe the forefathers of the Constitution wanted to guarantee every state the right to keep and bear firearms, in order to defend against the federal government, should it try to possess too much power. The â€Å"well regulated militia,† they say, refers to state troops using state-supplied firearms, such as the National Guard or the Naval Militia. They believe that the Second Amendment was just another part of the checks and balances built into the American government. One strength this viewpoint has is that whi le the Supreme Court has never made a direct ruling on how to interpret the Second Amendment, it has never stuck down any gun-control law as being unconstitutional under the Second Amendment (Beard and Rand 224). Americans that are against gun control interpret this amendment in a very different manner. While they do not dispute that every state has the right to keep and bea... ...iewpoints. Ed. William Dudley. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1989. â€Å"GunCite† http://www.guncite.com. 8 December 2002. Halbrook, Stephen P. â€Å"An Individual Right† Crime and Criminals: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. William Dudley. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1989. Kopel, David B. â€Å"Guns Are Necessary for Self-Defense† Crime and Criminals: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. William Dudley. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1989. National Rifle Association. â€Å"Gun Control Violates the Constitution† Crime and Criminals: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. William Dudley. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1989. Schwerin, Ursula. â€Å"The More Guns, the More Violence† Crime and Criminals: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. William Dudley. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1989. Vaughn, Jerry. â€Å"Guns Difficult to Use† Crime and Criminals: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. William Dudley. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1989. Wright, James D. â€Å"Gun Control Would Not Reduce Crime† Crime and Criminals: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. William Dudley. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1989. Zimring, Franklin E. and Gordon Hawkins. â€Å"Guns Should Not Be Used for Self-Defense† Crime and Criminals: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. William Dudley. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1989.

Companionship Essay

Companionship Have you ever had a companion? Well, George and Lennie were great companions! The short novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† written by John Steinbeck is a novel that teaches you about companionship. The two main characters in this Novel are George and Lennie. This novel teaches you about having a companion in your life. I think comfort and companionship are profound human needs that, when unmet, can destroy the human spirit. George and Lennie are traveling together everywhere looking for jobs to work. This shows that George has Lennie as a companion. When Lennie's Aunt Clara died, Lennie just came along with George working with him all over places. George and Lennie have a good relationship because they have been traveling together for quite a long time. Also, in the novel Slim says â€Å"Maybe everybody in the whole damn world is scared of each other. † This shows that Slim is wondering why more people don't travel together more often instead of traveling alone. Slim is suggesting that people should travel together more often instead of traveling alone. This means, traveling ogether makes people feel more happy and satisfied with their life's. When George killed Lennie at the end of the story for the purpose to give him a peaceful death shows how much of a companion George and Lennie were. Having the guts to shoot your own companion for a good thing like that is a really good companion in my opinion. George new that Lennie made a huge mistake this time and it could not be dodged this time so he made his decision to shoot Lennie. Also during the novel, Curly tells George that he doesn't see many people traveling ogether and laughs at them for traveling together as an odd group. Because Lennie is big and George is small he thought it was odd for them to travel together. This shows he was jealous that he did not have a companion in his life. This shows that comfort and companionship are profound human needs that, when unmet, can destroy the human spirit and mind. There are many people out there who are traveling alone and are very sad and lonely in there life's because they do not have a companion. Most people would love to have companions in there life rather than traveling alone.

Theme Of Nature In Wuthering Heights - 1458 Words

Nature’s Unknown Existence The multiple meanings of nature describe the phenomenons of the physical world and inherent features of a specific being or object. Present in the novel Wuthering Heights, written by Emily Bronte, the nature aspect life depicts is uncovered in various types of ways. Brought to attention throughout the novel is the use of weather and seasonal change, as well as characterization and how one can discover a form of nature from the perspective of a certain character. Bronte expresses the form of nature through characterization, imagery, and setting to portray the overall theme that the explanation of behavior is found inside the bliss and mystery of nature. Bronte’s characterization in the novel depicts the attitude†¦show more content†¦The society that Catherine grows up in is explained to be much more of the time in which women are not obtaining the same rights, life goals or procedures in living that the men of society are. Knowing this , the nature of Catherine’s upbringing is looked upon as an unfair advantage for her to be labeled as someone who only wants to be part of the upper class, or in today’s time known as a gold digger. The characters of Heathcliff and Catherine are pure examples of how the nature of a being can explain the way they behave and depict their decision making processes; leading to how the imagery shown in the novel can identify similar ideas. The use of imagery throughout the novel provides clear examples of how the beauty of nature is presenting an overall view of situations occurring. The character of Catherine is written to be one of the very entities that possess a very powerful source of poise and beauty throughout the noel. However, when being analized by Nelly in the dungeon of the Grange, where Catherine has made her new home after disputes with Edgar, Nelly states, â€Å"Mrs. Linton sat in a loose, white dress, with a light shawl over her shoulders, in the recess of the open window, as usual. Her thick, long hair had been partly removed at the beginning of her illness; and now she wore it simply combed in its natural tresses over her temples and neck. Her appearance was altered, as I had told Heathcliff, but whenShow MoreRelatedWuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « : A Perfect Misanthropist’s Heaven1585 Words   |  6 Pagesartists/authors are brutally honest in how they depict human nature: greedy, sinister, and above all, hopeless. This essential element of gothic, with the inclusion of the supernatural, takes the main stage in Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights. This story of romance, mystery, and violence is not only the epitome of the gothic novel, but also a social commentary that rings true for the human race in its entirety. In a sense, Wuthering Heights is a true story, not because the characters and events areRead More The Importance of Setting in Developing a Theme for Wuthering Heights by Bronte839 Words   |  4 P agesWhen Emily Bronte wrote Wuthering Heights England was going through a time of great change. It?s past agrarian society was changing and the common man was able to obtain wealth. Setting helps us to further understand the conflict between the natural world and cultured humanity, through the two main houses in text, and the social situation on the English Moors. Wuthering Heights uses this time of social unrest to develop the theme of the natural world in conflict with cultured humanity. 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The author typically creates a setting that facilitates